THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE

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A TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAAND THE TRIBES OF INDIANS CALLED THE WYANDOTS, DELAWARES, SHAWANOES, OTTAWAS, CHIPEWAS, PUTAWATIMES, MIAMIS, EEL-RIVER, WEEAS, KICKAPOOS, PIANKASHAWS ANDKASKASKIAS.

To put an end to a destructive war, to settle all controversies, and to restore harmony and friendly intercourse between the said United Statesand Indian tribes, Anthony Wayne, major general commanding the army of theUnited States, and sole commissioner for the good purposes above mentioned,and the said tribes of Indians, by their sachems, chiefs, and warriors, mettogether at Greenville, the head quarters of the said army, have agreed onthe following articles, which, when ratified by the President, with the adviceand consent of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on themand the said Indian tribes.

ARTICLE I

Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby established, and shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall take place between the said United States and Indian tribes.

ARTICLE II

All prisoners shall, on both sides, be restored. The Indians, prisoners to the United States, shall be immediately set at liberty. The peopleof the United States, still remaining prisoners among the Indians, shallbe delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof, to the general or commandingofficer at Greeneville, Fort Wayne, or Fort Defiance; and ten chiefs of thesaid tribes shall remain at Greeneville as hostages, until the delivery ofthe prisoners shall be effected.

ARTICLE III

The general boundary line between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth ofCayahoga river, and run thence up the same to the portage, between that andthe Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum, thence down that branch to the crossingplace above Fort Lawrence, thence westerly to a fork of that branch of theGreat Miami river, running into the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loromie'sstore, and where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio, andSt. Mary's river, which is a branch ofthe Miami which runs into lake Erie;thence a westerly course to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of theWabash; thence south-westerly in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to intersectthat river opposite the mouth of Kentucke or Cuttawa river. And in considerationof the peace now established; of the goods formerly received from the UnitedStates; of those now to be delivered; and of the yearly delivery of goodsnow stipulated to be made hereafter; and to indemnify the United States forthe injuries and expenses they have sustained during the war, the said Indiantribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to the landslying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary line now described:and these lands, or any part of them, shall never hereafter be made a causeor pretence, on the part of the said tribes, or any of them, of war or injuryto the United States, or any of the people thereof. And for the same considerations, and as an evidence of the returning friendship of the said Indian tribes, of their confidence in the United States, and desire to provide for their accommodations, and for that convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to both parties, the said Indian tribes do also cede to the United States the following pieces of land, to wit: (1) One piece of land six miles square, at or near Loromie's store, before mentioned. (2) One piece two miles square, at the head of the navigable water or landing, on the St. Mary's river, nearGirty's town. (3) One piece six miles square, at the head of the navigable water of the Auglaize river. (4) One piece six miles square, at the confluence of the Auglaize and Miami rivers, where Fort Defiance now stands. (5) One piece six miles square, at or near the confluence of the rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where Fort Wayne now stands, or near it. (6) One piece twomiles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of the portage from the Miamiof the lake, and about eight miles westward from Fort Wayne. (7) One piecesix miles square, at the Ouatanon, or Old Wea towns, on the Wabash river.(8) One piece twelve miles square, at the British fort on the Miami of thelake, at the foot of the rapids. (9) One piece six miles square, at the mouthof the said river, where it empties into the lake. (10) One piece six milessquare, upon Sandusky lake, where a fort formerly stood. (11) One piece twomiles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky river. (12) The post of Detroit,and all the land to the north, the west and the south of it, of which theIndian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or Englishgovernments: and so much more land to be annexed to the district of Detroit,as shall be comprehended between the river Rosine, on the south, Lake St.Clair on the north, and a line, the general course whereof shall be six milesdistant from the west end of lake Erie and Detroit river. (13) The post ofMichilimackinac, and all the land on the island on which that post stands,and the main land adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguishedby gifts or grants to the French or English governments; and a piece of landon the main to the north of the island, to measure six miles, on Lake Huron,or the strait between lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend three milesback from the water of the lake or strait; and also, the Island De Bois Blane,being an extra and voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation. (14) One pieceof land six miles square, at the mouth of Chikagoriver, emptying into thesouthwest end of LakeMichigan, where a fort formerly stood. (15) One piecetwelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the Illinois river, emptyinginto the Mississippi. (16) One piece six miles square, at the old Pioriasfort and village near the south end of the Illinois lake, on said Illinoisriver. And whenever the United States shall think proper to survey and markthe boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them, they shall give timelynotice thereof to the said tribes of Indians, that they may appoint someof their wise chiefs to attend and see that the lines are run according tothe terms of this treaty. And the said Indian tribes will allow to the peopleof the United States a free passage by land and by water, as one and theother shall be found convenient, through their country, along the chain ofposts herein-before mentioned; that is to say, from the commencement of theportage aforesaid, at or near Loromie's store, thence along said portageto the St. Mary's, and down the same to fort Wayne, and then down the Miami,to lake Erie; again, from the commencement of the portage at or near Loromie's store along the portage from thence to the river Auglaize, and down thesame to its junction with the Miami at fort Defiance; again, from the commencement of the portage aforesaid, to Sandusky river, and down the same to Sandusky bay and lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which shall be taken at ornear the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of the lake; and from thence toDetroit. Again, from the mouth of Chikago, to the commencement of the portage,between that river and the Illinois, and down the Illinois river to the Mississippi;also, from Fort Wayne, along the portage aforesaid, which leads to the Wabash,and then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said Indian tribes will alsoallow to the people of the United States, the free use of the harbors andmouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining the Indian lands, for shelteringvessels and boats, and liberty to land their cargoes where necessary fortheir safety.

ARTICLE IV

In consideration of the peace now established, and of thecessions and relinquishment of lands made in the preceding article by thesaid tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United States,as the great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual, the UnitedStates relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands northward of theriver Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and southward of theGreat Lakes and the waters, uniting them, according to the boundary lineagreed on by the United States and the King of Great Britain, in the treatyof peace made between them in the year 1783. But from this relinquishment by the United States, the following tracts of land are explicitly excepted: 1st. The tract on one hundred and fifty thousand acres near the rapids ofthe river Ohio, which has been assigned to General Clark, for the use ofhimself and his warriors. 2nd. The post of St. Vincennes, on the River Wabash,and the lands adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished. 3rd.The lands at all other places in possession of the French people and otherwhite settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished as mentioned in the 3d article; and 4th. The post of fort Massac towards themouth of the Ohio. To which several parcels of land so excepted, the saidtribes relinquish all the title and claim which they or any of them may have.And for the same considerations and with the same views as above mentioned,the United States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a quantity of goodsto the value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt whereof they do herebyacknowledge; and henceforward every year, forever, the United States willdeliver, at some convenient place northward of the river Ohio, like usefulgoods, suited to the circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine thousandfive hundred dollars; reckoning that value at the first cost of the goodsin the city or place in the United States where they shall be procured. Thetribes to which those goods are to be annually delivered, and the proportionsin which they are to be delivered, are the following: 1st. To the Wyandots,the amount of one thousand dollars. 2nd. To the Delawares, the amount ofone thousand dollars. 3rd. To the Shawanees, the amount of one thousand dollars.4th. To the Miamis, the amount of one thousand dollars. 5th. To the Ottawas,the amount of one thousand dollars. 6th. To the Chippewas, the amount ofone thousand dollars. 7th. To the Pattawatimas, the amount of one thousanddollars, and 8th. To the Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskiatribes, the amount of five hundred dollars each. Provided, that if eitherof the said tribes shall hereafter, at an annual delivery of their shareof the goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity should be furnishedin domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and other utensils convenientfor them, and in compensation to useful artificers who may reside with ornear them, and be employed for their benefit, the same shall, at the subsequentannual deliveries, be furnished accordingly.

ARTICLE V

To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lands relinquished by the United States in the fourth article, it is now explicitly declared, that the meaning of that relinquishment is this: the Indian tribes who have a right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy them, hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they please, without any molestation from the United States; but when those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell their lands, or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the United States; and until such sale, the United States will protect all thesaid Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against all citizensof the United States, and against all other white persons who intrude uponthe same. And the said Indian tribes again acknowledge themselves to be underthe protection of the said United States, and no other power whatever.

ARTICLE VI

If any citizen of the United States, or any other white person or persons, shall presume to settle upon the lands now relinquished by the United States, such citizen or other person shall be out of the protectionof the United States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land the settlementshall be made, may drive off the settler, or punish him in such manner asthey shall think fit; and because such settlements, made without the consentof the United States, will be injurious to them as well as to the Indians,the United States shall be at liberty to break them up, and remove and punishthe settlers as they shall think proper, and so effect that protection ofthe Indian lands herein before stipulated.

ARTICLE VII

The said tribes of Indians, parties to this treaty, shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory and lands which they have now cededto the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demeanthemselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of the United States.

ARTICLE VIII

Trade shall be opened with the said Indian tribes; and they do hereby respectively engage to afford protection to such persons, withtheir property, as shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the purposeof trade; and to their agents and servants; but no person shall be permittedto reside among them for the purpose of trade; and to their agents and servants;but no person shall be permitted to reside at any of their towns or huntingcamps, as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for that purpose,under the hand and seal of the superintendent of the department northwestof the Ohio, or such other person as the President of the United States shallauthorize to grant such licenses; to the end, that the said Indians may notbe imposed on in their trade. And if any licensed trader shall abuse hisprivilege by unfair dealing, upon complaint and proof thereof, his licenseshall be taken from him, and he shall be further punished according to thelaws of the United States. And if any person shall intrude himself as a trader,without such license, the said Indians shall take and bring him before thesuperintendent, or his deputy, to be dealt with according to law. And toprevent impositions by forged licenses, the said Indians shall, at leaseonce a year, give information to the superintendent, or his deputies, onthe names of the traders residing among them.

ARTICLE IX

Lest the firm peace and friendship now established, should be interrupted by the misconduct of individuals, the United States, and thesaid Indian tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on eitherside, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but instead thereof,complaint shall be made by the party injured, to the other: by the said Indiantribes or any of them, to the President of theUnited States, or the superintendentby him appointed; and by the superintendent or other person appointed bythe President, to the principal chiefs of the said Indian tribes, or of thetribe to which the offender belongs; and such prudent measures shall thenbetaken as shall be necessary to preserve the said peace and friendship unbroken,until the legislature (or great council) of the United States, shall makeother equitable provision in the case, to the satisfaction of both parties.Should any Indian tribes meditate a war against the United States, or eitherof them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before-mentionedtribes, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate noticethereof to thegeneral, or officer commanding the troops of theUnited States,at the nearest post.

And should any tribe, with hostile intentions against theUnited States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, theywill endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information ofsuch attempt, to the general, or officer commanding, as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States. In like manner, the United States shall give notice tothe said Indian tribes of any harm that maybe meditated against them, oreither of them, that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their powerto hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.

ARTICLE X

All other treaties heretofore made between the United States,and the said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of 1783, betweentheUnited States and Great Britain, that come within the purview of thistreaty, shall henceforth cease and become void.

In testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachemsand war chiefs of the before-mentioned nations and tribes of Indians, havehereunto set their hands and affixed their Seals.

Done at Greeneville, in the territory of the United States north-west of the river Ohio, on the third Day of August, one thousand sevenhundred and ninety-five.

WYANDOTS.

Tarhe, or Crane, his x mark L.S.
J. Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
Teyyaghtaw, his x mark, L.S.
Haroenyou, (or half king's son), his x mark, L.S.
Tehaawtorens, his x mark, L.S.
Awmeyeeray, his x mark, L.S.
Stayetah, his x mark L.S.
Shateyyaronyah, or (Leather Lips), his x mark, L.S.
Daughshuttayah, his x mark L.S.
Shaawrunthe, his x mark L.S.

DELAWARES.

Tetabokshke, (or Grand Glaize King), his x mark, L.S.
Lemantanquis, (or Black King), his x mark, L.S.
Wabatthoe, his x mark, L.S.
Maghpiway, (or Red Feather), his x mark, L.S.
Kikthawenund, (or Anderson), his x mark, L.S.
Bukongehelas, his x mark, L.S.
Peekeelund, his x mark, L.S.
Wellebawkeelund, his x mark, L.S.
Peekeetelemund, (or Thomas Adams), his x mark, L.S.
Kishkopekund, (or Captain Buffalo), his x mark, L.S.
Amenahehan, (or Captain Crow), his x mark, L.S.
Queshawksey, (or George Washington), his x mark, L.S.
Weywinquis, (or Billy Siscomb), his x mark, L.S.
Moses, his x mark, L.S.

SHAWANOES.

Misquacoonacaw, (or Red Pole), his x mark, L.S.
Cutthewekasaw, (or Black Hoof), his x mark, L.S.
Kaysewaesekah, his x mark, L.S.
Weythapamattha, his x mark, L.S.
Nianysmeka, his x mark, L.S.
Waytheah, (or Long Shanks), his x mark, L.S.
Weyapiersenwaw, (or Blue Jacket), his x mark, L.S.
Nequetaughaw, his x mark, L.S.
Hahgoosekaw, (or Captain Reed), his x mark, L.S.

OTTAWAS.

Augooshaway, his x mark, L.S.
Keenoshameek, his x mark, L.S.
La Malice, his x mark, L.S.
Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S.
Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S.
Secaw, his x mark, L.S.

CHIPPEWAS.

Mashipinashiwish, (or Bad Bird), his x mark, L.S.
Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S.
Masass, his x mark, L.S.
Nemekass, (or Little Thunder), his x mark, L.S.
Peshawkay, (or Young Ox), his x mark, L.S.
Nanguey, his x mark, L.S.
Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S.
Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S.
Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S.
Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S.

OTTAWA.

Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky, his x mark, L.S.

PUTAWATIMES OF THE RIVER ST. JOSEPH.

Thupenebu, his x mark, L.S.
Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe, his x mark, L.S.
Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S.
Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S.
Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan, his x mark, L.S.
Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S.
Wapmeme, (or White Pigeon), his x mark, L.S.
Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok, his x mark,L.S.
Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S.
La Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother, Wawasek, his x mark,L.S.
Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S.
Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S.
Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S.
Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S.
Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S.
Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse, his x mark, L.S.

PATAWATAMES OF HURON.

Okia, his x mark, L.S.
Chamung, his x mark, L.S.
Segagewan, his x mark, L.S.
Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin, his x mark, L.S.
Marchand, his x mark, L.S.
Wenameac, his x mark, L.S.

MIAMIES.
Nagohquangogh, (or Le Gris), his x mark, L.S.
Meshekunnoghquoh, (or Little Turtle), his x mark, L.S.

MIAMIS AND EEL RIVER.

Peejeewa, (or Richard Ville), his x mark, L.S.
Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S.

EEL RIVER TRIBE.

Shamekunnesa, (or Soldier), his x mark, L.S.

MIAMIS.

Wapamangwa, (or the White Loon), his x mark, L.S.

WEAS, FOR THEMSELVES AND THE PIANKASHAWS.

Amacunsa, (or Little Beaver), his x mark, L.S.
Acoolatha, (or Little Fox), his x mark, L.S.
Francis, his x mark, L.S.

KICKAPOOS AND KASKASKIAS.

Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S.
Nemighka, (or Josey Renard), his x mark, L.S.
Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S.

DELAWARES OF SANDUSKY.

Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S.
Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S.
Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky), hisx mark, L.S.

H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'y to Major Gen. Wayne,
Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l.
John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l.
Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S.
Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
Vigo, P. Frs. La Fontaine, Ast. Lasselle, Sworn interpreters.
H. Lasselle,
Wm. Wells, Js.
Beau Bien,
Jacques Lasselle,
David Jones, Chaplain U.S.
S. M. Morins,
Lewis Beaufait,
Bt. Sans Crainte,
R. Lachambre,
Christopher Miller,
Jas. Pepen,
Robert Wilson,
Baties Coutien,
Abraham Williams, his x mark
P. Navarre.
Isaac Zane, his x mark


Source: The Laws of The United States of America, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796.

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